Tuberculosis Vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, Is Being Used in Several Endemic Areas of the World to Prevent Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Vaccine
Tuberculosis Vaccine

Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine that works would be a game-changer for global efforts to combat the disease. TB is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide each year, and it remains one of the leading causes of death in the world.

Currently, the best-known Tuberculosis Vaccine is Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). This live vaccine is used in many endemic areas of the world to prevent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is administered as a single dose in healthy infants to protect against TB. However, it is not considered very effective in many countries due to low efficacy and possible interference with diagnostic tests.

To be effective, a TB vaccine needs to produce an immune response that produces lasting immunity against the mycobacteria causing the disease. This has never been achieved by any previous TB vaccine. Consequently, the development of a TB vaccine has been an arduous process.

The significant driver of the Tuberculosis Vaccine Market is the complicated treatment regime now in place and the resistance that TB has developed to it.

There are a number of different types of TB vaccines in development. Some of them use live mycobacteria and others are based on a modified version of the bacteria.

Another strategy for developing a TB vaccine is to speed up the immune response by boosting it. This approach has been successful in other vaccines, such as the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. However, the strategy is controversial as it can also increase the risk of a person developing an immune reaction to the vaccine and getting sick.

A more novel strategy is to create an entirely new type of TB vaccine, called a modified or subunit vaccine that has fewer antigens yet still provides protection. This strategy could lead to a more effective vaccine.

Using a live attenuated bacterium to develop a TB vaccine is a promising idea, as it imitates the natural infection that occurs in the human body. However, a major challenge is to determine how to induce such an immune response. In July 2021, Biofabri, a Spanish biopharma company partnered with IAI for the development of Tuberculosis Vaccine candidate MTBVAC.

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